{"id":6641,"date":"2025-01-27T09:42:56","date_gmt":"2025-01-27T09:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/?p=6641"},"modified":"2025-02-04T09:56:52","modified_gmt":"2025-02-04T09:56:52","slug":"pre-season-assessments-and-monitoring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/es\/trainings\/pre-season-assessments-and-monitoring\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluaciones y controles de pretemporada: \u00bfSon los atletas que regresan lo suficientemente fuertes para correr r\u00e1pido?"},"content":{"rendered":"<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">Alex Natera is Manager of Performance Support at the New South Wales Institute of Sport, where he oversees a department of 40 world-class practitioners across Strength and Conditioning, Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition, Biomechanics and Performance Analysis disciplines.\n\nAlex\u2019s background in Strength and Conditioning spans nearly 25 years in professional sports and National institutes of sport across the globe. Alex is also a highly sought-after speaker and educator, consulting with clubs, elite individual athletes, and support staff from the EPL to the NBA.\n\nIn this article, Alex discusses the importance of early pre-season assessments and screening in determining the physical status of the playing group and the individual. He provides an introduction to his Run-Specific Isometric Assessment Battery, which uses <a href=\"https:\/\/valdperformance.com\/products\/forcedecks\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/valdperformance.com\/products\/forcedecks\">ForceDecks<\/a> to perform the Ankle Iso-Push, Knee Iso-Push, and the Hip Iso-Push.\n\nThis battery is an \u2018under-the-hood\u2019 look at whether players are returning strong enough to run fast, and can be used to establish the magnitude, rate, and extent to which players can be loaded leading up to the start of competition.<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You are a couple of weeks out from the players returning from their off-season break. The performance team are meeting to iron out the preseason plan and determine what the first couple of weeks of training will look like for the entire playing squad and specifically for various members of the squad. The performance team are crossing their fingers and hoping that the players were diligent and compliant with their offseason training programmes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reality is, even at the very top end, only a small portion of the squad will have accomplished what you set out for them to achieve over the off-season. Despite this, even if they did execute the off-season plan, to a tee, it is unlikely the loads they experienced will match or surpass what they will need to experience throughout preseason and into the competitive season.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The reality is, even at the very top end, only a small portion of the squad will have accomplished what you set out for them to achieve over the off-season.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>There are the usual nerves around certain players (\u201cfrequent offenders\u201d) and so the performance team agrees to start week 1 preseason with loading that caters for the lowest common denominator. The \u201cloading clock\u201d then starts ticking down from session 1 to the first preseason game and the pressure is on. If you push them too hard and too soon, you risk breaking them, but if you don\u2019t push them hard enough, game loads and back-to-back games eventually will. If you don\u2019t start meaningful work early enough you\u2019ll run out of time or you\u2019ll run the risk of not allowing sufficient recovery and regeneration within your preseason and again there is the chance they will break.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>If you push them too hard and too soon, you risk breaking them, but if you don\u2019t push them hard enough, game loads and back-to-back games eventually will.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Early preseason becomes critical to determine the physical state of players as they return. It presents an ideal opportunity to assess the physical status of the playing group as a collective and, importantly, for the individual. Depending on the sport and the length of the off-season it might also be a period of time where fatigue is at its lowest point and niggles carried through the previous season can somewhat settle. Collecting assessment data is essential during this part of the year, to establish baselines and to determine current status from which to load.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.ctfassets.net\/98s79sqwuajy\/2YYEOBN4fvgPzB4bV0AtV2\/e43d16565fe94b004430c94b10662acb\/run-isometric-assessment-alex-team.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Video 1<\/strong> Alex and his team conducting the Run-specific Isometric Assessment on a large group of athletes using ForceDecks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The challenge for most performance teams is time and the \u201ctime-tug-of-war\u201d between the sport coaches demands and the performance team\u2019s needs. Some teams are fortunate enough to be able to negotiate and establish clear blocks of time early in pre-season where they conduct their screening and assessments. Others don\u2019t have the buy-in, collaboration and support and therefore squeeze whatever they can in, whenever they can. Often in these environments the datasets are incomplete, unreliable, messy and \u2013 in some cases \u2013 not really useful at all. Pre-season assessments and screening in these environments become a \u201ctick box exercise\u201d, and sadly everyone can sense it \u2013 including the players.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Pre-season assessments and screening in these environments become a \u201ctick box exercise\u201d and sadly everyone can sense it \u2013 including the players.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>High Performance Managers \u2013 who establish strong and trusting relationships and have the ability to influence Head Coaches \u2013 are critical in balancing the needs of both parties in this scenario. Strategically embedding pre-season assessments and screening within the training week has often been a fantastic middle ground for most teams. The planning, the sell, the execution and the follow up of this to players and coaches can make or break the success and effectiveness of pre-season assessments and screening moving forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Preseason High Speed Running: Risk vs. Reward<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In pre-season planning, all facets of load are important to consider, from strength training intensity, plyometric volume and eccentric exposure to running volume, change of direction count and the magnitude of collisions, to name a few. One of the most important load factors to consider is the intensity, volume and density of \u201cvery high speed\u201d and maximal speed running (herein referred to as \u201chigh speed running\u201d [HSR]). Walking the fine line of not too fast, not too much, not too often and not too soon have made many a performance coach lose sleep at night.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>One of the most important load factors to consider is the intensity, volume and density of \u201cvery high speed\u201d and maximal speed running. Walking the fine line of not too fast, not too much, not too often and not too soon have made many a performance coach lose sleep at night.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>During HSR, lower limb muscle groups produce very high forces at very high rates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Swing phase: <\/strong>the hip flexors and the hamstrings can produce muscle forces up to ~10 x Body Weight (BW).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stance phase: <\/strong>muscle force production can be up to ~10 x BW for the plantar flexors and ~5 x BW by the quadriceps (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22573774\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dorn et al. 2012<\/a>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ground reaction forces: <\/strong>can be up to 4 x BW and occur in less than 100ms (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20093666\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Weyand et al., 2010<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HSR, particularly in a training format, is a potent stimulus to the neuromuscular system. Significant central and peripheral fatigue have been observed after HSR sessions and even with relatively low volumes, several days are required to fully recover (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/25674673\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Johnstone et al. 2015<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30067591\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Thomas et al. 2018<\/a>). Due to these and several other biomechanical and physiological demands, HSR is a significant risk factor in soft tissue injuries (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/22323001\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Gabbet et al. 2012<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27288515\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Duhig et al. 2016<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34637371\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Chavarro-Nieto et al. 2023<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the careful planning of HSR exposure in the pre-season is critical. Where you can start and where you can go with your players often comes down to what HSR exposures (intensity, volume, density, frequency and type) were achieved during the off-season period. Despite this, the de-load experienced in the off season often means the regression or degradation of certain physical qualities. With the muscular forces and ground reaction forces seen in HSR, the notion of being \u201cstrong enough to run fast\u201d needs to be seriously considered along with HSR exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>With the muscular forces and ground reaction forces seen in HSR, the notion of being \u201cstrong enough to run fast\u201d needs to be seriously considered along with HSR exposure.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Early pre-season assessments of both maximal and rapid force development of the lower limbs are essential to understand the requisite force generating capacities of key muscle groups involved in HSR. As addressed earlier, the early preseason period provides an opportunity to establish baselines but also to compare with in season\/previous season values and assess the magnitude or otherwise of degradation. In my opinion, \u201cearning the right to run fast\u201d is a combination of graded, specific HSR exposure and developing or retaining the underpinning force generating qualities to be able to handle the forces experienced in HSR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u2026\u201cearning the right to run fast\u201d is a combination of graded specific HSR exposure and developing or retaining the underpinning force generating qualities to be able to handle the forces experienced in HSR.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>En <a href=\"https:\/\/support.vald.com\/hc\/en-au\/articles\/4999735058841-ForceDecks-Test-Isometric-Test-Overview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP)<\/a> presents a proven, reliable, effective and long-standing assessment of maximal force and rapid force generating qualities. The IMTP and its close cousin, <a href=\"https:\/\/vald.freshdesk.com\/support\/solutions\/articles\/51000244412-forcedecks-test-isometric-test-protocol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the isometric squat assessment<\/a>, are excellent assessments which practitioners can administer safely in early pre-season to establish force generating qualities of the lower limb. In comparison with the risk of maximal strength testing returning players both assessments are certainly the preference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.ctfassets.net\/98s79sqwuajy\/3XlUPFWF4KMV34GSV15C78\/8df38b31184cd0b289183069474747cd\/isometric-peak-force-comparison-alex.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Video 2<\/strong> Alex comparing isometric peak force values between IMTP, isometric squat, and knee iso-push assessment on ForceDecks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>However, despite being effective general force assessments, they lack the specificity to identify force generating capabilities of specific muscle groups at the specific muscle lengths used in HSR. Assessing positions and postures resembling HSR positions and postures, whilst more effectively isolating key muscle groups around the ankle, knee and hip joints are becoming more popular in high performance settings. In doing so, we can collect more information to make more informed decisions around whether and when players are in fact \u201cstrong enough to run fast\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Earning the Right to Run Fast with Run-specific Isometrics<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Importantly, the Run-Specific Isometric assessments are multi-joint assessments, despite each individual assessment\u2019s name. They do not strictly isolate the force generating capabilities of a single joint.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the course of my career I\u2019ve developed one such assessment protocol, which I call the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cn6CkIhLnXN\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Run-Specific Isometric Assessment Battery<\/a>, made up of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CmL7m_xujmq\/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&amp;igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ankle Iso-Push<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cbw7hvpFgsO\/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link&amp;igshid=MzRlODBiNWFlZA%3D%3D\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Knee Iso-Push<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcP-2YvFRS0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hip Iso-Push<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These assessments are similar to the joint positions found in mid-stance of the HSR stride. Importantly, the Run-Specific Isometric assessments are multi-joint assessments, despite each individual assessment\u2019s name. They do not strictly isolate the force generating capabilities of a single joint. The Run-Specific Isometric assessments are designed to bias a joint and this is where we infer the force-generating capabilities of the muscles surrounding the target joint. The Run-Specific Isometrics assessments are all performed unilaterally to further elucidate any inter-limb discrepancies and asymmetries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.ctfassets.net\/98s79sqwuajy\/1xMxp7y9eKeZyQHbAjuuop\/dd9f13dbf7bf4bcfbbe3cb870fcb36db\/ankle-iso-push-athlete.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Video 3<\/strong> Athlete completing an ankle Iso-push on ForceDecks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ankle and Knee Iso-push<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Both the Knee and the Ankle Iso-Push are performed in an upright, standing position. For these assessments, I use VALD\u2019s ForceDecks and isometric squat rack. However, these tests have also been performed using overloaded barbels resting on the pins or barbells pushed under the pins of a racking system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Knee and Ankle Iso-Push are performed with the bar on the upper trapezius muscles, as in a high bar squat set up. In the Knee Iso-Push, the mid-foot of the tested leg is placed directly under the bar and the knee and hip angles are between 135-145\u00b0 and 160-170\u00b0, respectively. In the Ankle Iso-Push, the ball of the foot of the tested leg is placed under the bar to facilitate a slight forward lean. In this assessment, the knee and hip are fully extended, and the ankle positioned between neutral and 10\u00b0 of plantar flexion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.ctfassets.net\/98s79sqwuajy\/6DrECSp6FMPnGr1nHlqh8p\/8a483f0f7ec3e658137477ea78b04be2\/knee-iso-push-alex-athlete.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Video 4<\/strong> Alex Natera conducting a Knee Iso-push test on an athlete using ForceDecks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hip Iso-push<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Hip Iso-Push the athlete lies supine on the floor with the inferior portion of their shoulder blades resting on a comfortable 15cm box. The heel of the testing foot is placed on the force plates and an immoveable bar is positioned at their hip crease. The knee and hip angles in the Hip Iso-Push resemble that of the Knee Iso-Push (135-145\u00b0 and 160-170\u00b0 respectively). Importantly, we measure these angles when the athlete lifts their hip from the floor and presses them into the bar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video controls src=\"https:\/\/videos.ctfassets.net\/98s79sqwuajy\/61BH6Pl3moqvUHgQDd8wyD\/5247354784917c808c467ab313f52ee9\/hip-iso-push-alex-athlete.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><strong>Video 5<\/strong> Alex Natera conducting a Hip Iso-push test on an athlete using ForceDecks.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Warm Up and Test Protocol  <\/strong>A general warm up is conducted before the assessments and a specific warm up is performed for each assessment immediately before the test:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Specific warm up: <\/strong>3 x 3 second efforts at 70%, 80% and 90% effort with 10 second recovery between efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The athlete then rests for 60 seconds before performing either a rapid force assessment or a maximal force assessment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rapid force assessments: <\/strong>5 x 1 second efforts interspersed with 10 second recovery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Maximal force assessments: <\/strong>2 x 3 second efforts with a 2 second \u201cbuild up\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Each effort is followed by a 60 second rest. A third trial is then performed if the second trial is &gt;3% of the first trial. Generally relative peak force is captured and reported for maximal force trials and force at 100 ms for rapid force trials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Interpreting the Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although normative data are used to guide and compare male and female team sport athletes, in the context of being \u201cstrong enough to run fast\u201d it is also important to assess each athlete against their previous seasons\u2019 results.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a rough guide, \u201cGood\u201d results for female team sport athletes for a Hip Iso-Push would be ~1.95-2.15 x system weight (the system weight is the amount of body weight supported at the heel in the supine bridge type position [~25% of body weight], Knee Iso-Push ~3.85-4.2 x BW and Ankle Iso-Push ~2.75-2.9 x BW.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For male team sport athletes, a good Hip Iso-Push would be 2.2-2.5 x system weight, Knee Iso-Push 4.2-4.4 x BW and Ankle Iso-Push 3.1-3.3 x BW. For comparison, elite male track athletes can attain Hip Iso-Push scores of &gt;3 x system weight, Knee Iso-Push scores of &gt;5.5 x BW and Ankle Iso-Push scores of &gt;4.0 x BW. It is very rare for team sport athletes to hit these values but what this does show is that there is plenty of room to improve in strengthen the key muscles for HSR.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"890\" height=\"346\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6643\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image.webp 890w, https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-300x117.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-768x299.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/image-18x7.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 890px) 100vw, 890px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Applying the Results<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Over an off-season period of 4-8 weeks, it is not uncommon for a team sport athlete to drop between 0.25-0.5 x BW maximal force in the Knee and Ankle Iso-Push, for example. Regaining this strength is paramount and should be prioritised along with the introduction of progressively increasing HSR exposure and plyometric progressions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Just as important is attaining previous levels of force at 100 ms. With brief ground contact times during HSR it is arguably more important to either produce high rates of force or a greater proportion of maximal force in that brief time period. Very explosive athletes can produce up to 80% of their maximal force in 100 ms and less explosive athletes &lt;60%. Again, what is most important in the returning athlete is to regain their previous season values to \u201cearn the right\u201d to run fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Over an off-season period of 4-8 weeks it is not uncommon for a team sport athlete to drop between 0.25-0.5 x BW maximal force\u2026 Regaining this strength is paramount and should be prioritised.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Performance teams can use the Run-Specific Isometric Assessments embedded within the preseason week 1 schedule to determine the HSR starting point and progression rates of each of their players. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the simplest terms, if a fit returning player has had good HSR exposure through the off season and returns with maximal force and rapid force scores within their normal range, a more regular or even aggressive HSR approach might be warranted. If a player returns having achieved the planned high speed running exposures over the off season, is within their range of their previous maximal force values, but fails to attain their previous force at 100 ms, then a more cautious HSR loading scheme might be planned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clearly, if a player has not had HSR off season exposures and fails to attain within range maximal force or rapid force levels then a conservative loading approach is likely to be planned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Clearly, if a player has not had HSR off season exposures and fails to attain within range maximal force or rapid force levels then a conservative loading approach is likely to be planned.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>In summary, the early preseason is a critical time to establish normative assessment and screening data for your players. The information provided can be used to identify the magnitude, rate and extent by which you can load your players leading to the start of competition. Earning the right to run fast is determined through HSR exposures and also through the current force generating capabilities of the key muscles used in HSR. The Run-Specific Isometric Assessment Battery provides a good \u2018under the hood\u2019 look at whether your players are returning strong enough to run fast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/valdperformance.com\/contact\">Contacte con nosotros<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Referencias<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dorn TW, Schache AG, Pandy MG. Muscular strategy shift in human running: dependence of running speed on hip and ankle muscle performance. J Exp Biol. 2012 Jun 1;215(Pt 11):1944-56. doi: 10.1242\/jeb.064527. Erratum in: J Exp Biol. 2012 Jul 1;215(Pt 13):2347. PMID: 22573774.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weyand PG, Sandell RF, Prime DN, Bundle MW. The biological limits to running speed are imposed from the ground up. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2010 Apr;108(4):950-61. doi: 10.1152\/japplphysiol.00947.2009. Epub 2010 Jan 21. PMID: 20093666.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thomas K, Brownstein CG, Dent J, Parker P, Goodall S, Howatson G. Neuromuscular Fatigue and Recovery after Heavy Resistance, Jump, and Sprint Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018 Dec;50(12):2526-2535. doi: 10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001733. PMID: 30067591.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Johnston M, Cook CJ, Crewther BT, Drake D, Kilduff LP. Neuromuscular, physiological and endocrine responses to a maximal speed training session in elite games players. Eur J Sport Sci. 2015;15(6):550-6. doi: 10.1080\/17461391.2015.1010107. Epub 2015 Feb 12. PMID: 25674673.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gabbett, Tim J; Ullah, Shahid. Relationship Between Running Loads and Soft-Tissue Injury in Elite Team Sport Athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26(4): p 953-960, April 2012. | DOI: 10.1519\/JSC.0b013e3182302023<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Duhig\u202fS,\u202fShield\u202fAJ,\u202fOpar\u202fD, et al. Effect of high-speed running on hamstring strain injury risk. British Journal of Sports Medicine\u202f2016; 50: 1536-1540.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Christian Chavarro-Nieto, Martyn Beaven, Nicholas Gill &amp; Kim H\u00e9bert-Losier\u202f(2023)\u202fHamstrings injury incidence, risk factors, and prevention in Rugby Union players: a systematic review,\u202fThe Physician and Sportsmedicine,\u202f51:1,\u202f1-19<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alex Natera is Manager of Performance Support at the New South Wales Institute of Sport, where he oversees a department of 40 world-class practitioners across Strength and Conditioning, Physiology, Psychology, Nutrition, Biomechanics and Performance Analysis disciplines. 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