{"id":6093,"date":"2024-10-06T23:22:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T23:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/?p=6093"},"modified":"2024-10-07T06:42:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-07T06:42:38","slug":"two-training-paradigms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/hr\/uncategorized\/two-training-paradigms\/","title":{"rendered":"Dvije paradigme u dizajnu treninga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pro\u0161li mjesec sam pio kavu sa svojim trenerskim osobljem i, kao i obi\u010dno, razgovarali smo o nogometu. Trebali biste vidjeti koliko duboki mogu biti ti razgovori. Razgovarali smo o metodologiji konstruiranja treninga i dotaknuli se dvije metodologije treninga koje se danas \u0161iroko koriste: takti\u010dka periodizacija<\/a><\/strong> od V\u00edtora Fradea i strukturirana obuka<\/a><\/strong> od Francisca Seirulla.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takti\u010dka periodizacija u odnosu na strukturirani trening<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

U takti\u010dkoj periodizaciji, po\u010detna to\u010dka je tim i model igre koji \u017eelimo usvojiti. Za trenera ovdje sve po\u010dinje s takti\u010dkim ciljem i na\u010dinom na koji \u017eelimo igrati. Kada imamo loptu, \u0161to mi kao tim radimo, \u0161to je svaki sektor i pojedinac odgovoran u\u010diniti. Po\u010dinjete s takti\u010dkim ciljem i na njega se oslanjate u svom fizi\u010dkom cilju. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tjedni obrazac u takti\u010dkoj periodizaciji je strukturiran i ponavlja se iz tjedna u tjedan. Jasno je definiran i svaki dan ima cilj koji je povezan s takti\u010dkim i fizi\u010dkim ciljevima. Sada mo\u017eemo raspravljati o tome je li ovaj model prikladniji za seniorske ili mla\u0111e timove i treba li ga raditi iz tjedna u tjedan, ali to (jo\u0161) nije tema ovog bloga. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Suprotno tome, u strukturiranom sustavu treninga, po\u010detna to\u010dka je pojedinac. Ovaj sustav poznat je kao model Human Sportperson, koji obuhva\u0107a slo\u017eenost sljede\u0107ih struktura:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Biolo\u0161ka struktura<\/strong>energetski putevi <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kognitivna struktura<\/strong>Odgovoran za proces percepcije i akcije<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Koordinativna struktura<\/strong>Povezano s pokretljivo\u0161\u0107u, lateralno\u0161\u0107u i disocijacijom<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Uvjetna struktura<\/strong>Vezano za motori\u010dke sposobnosti<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Kreativno-ekspresivna struktura<\/strong>Povezano s ekspresivnom sposobno\u0161\u0107u i me\u0111uljudskim odnosima u natjecanju<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Socio-afektivna struktura<\/strong>Odnosi se na odnos i identifikaciju sa suigra\u010dima i ulogama koje svaki od njih preuzima<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Emotivno-voljna struktura<\/strong>Povezano s osje\u0107ajima i raspolo\u017eenjima<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Mentalna struktura<\/strong>Kako su sve strukture me\u0111usobno povezane<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Model ljudske sportske osobe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Ono \u0161to mi se posebno svidjelo kod ove metode jest to \u0161to prisiljava trenere da se tijekom osmi\u0161ljavanja treninga pozabave i utje\u010du na sve spomenute elemente slo\u017eenog sustava poznatog kao ljudski sporta\u0161. Vjerujem da svojim igra\u010dima i timovima mo\u017eemo ponuditi vi\u0161e od unaprijed definiranih kru\u017enih vje\u017ebi ili klasi\u010dnog kru\u017enog treninga koje ponavljamo godinama (bez umanjivanja njihove va\u017enosti, samo nagla\u0161avaju\u0107i da postoji jo\u0161 toga \u0161to treba uzeti u obzir). A da ne spominjemo klasi\u010dne sheme ponavljanja i serija koje se beskrajno rotiraju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n

    Vjerujem da na\u0161im igra\u010dima i timovima mo\u017eemo ponuditi vi\u0161e od unaprijed definiranih kru\u017enih vje\u017ebi ili klasi\u010dnog kru\u017enog treninga koji ponavljamo godinama.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

    Primjena modela ljudske sportske osobe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Da bismo to\u010dno znali \u0161to \u017eelimo, moramo razumjeti pojedinca i tim s kojima radimo te smjer u kojem \u017eelimo i\u0107i s njima, tj. model koji \u017eelimo primijeniti. Vra\u0107aju\u0107i se na Seirul\u00b7lo<\/span>Na primjeru ovoga, ono \u0161to me privuklo bila je ideja da trener treba pomagati timu i igra\u010dima da kontinuirano interpretiraju \u0161to se doga\u0111a u svakoj situaciji u igri u dva razli\u010dita prostora:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Prostor intervencije<\/strong>: Tamo gdje igra\u010d \u017eeli izvesti akciju na protivniku, a u malom broju, najbli\u017ei suigra\u010di poma\u017eu u uspje\u0161nom izvr\u0161enju plana.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Svemirska faza<\/strong>: Gdje preostali prostor dalje od lopte moraju zauzeti ostali \u010dlanovi mom\u010dadi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Preferencijalne simulacijske situacije (PSS)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Igra\u010di u\u010de prepoznati potrebe stvorene u svakom prostoru i u svakom trenutku predlagati prikladne akcije kako bi generirali numeri\u010dke, pozicijske, socioafektivne ili kvalitativne superiornosti. Ovo razumijevanje igre unosi se u treninge putem Preferencijalnih Simulacijskih Situacija (PSS). Moramo generirati doga\u0111aje u treningu koji simuliraju igru i preferencijalno utje\u010du na razli\u010dite sustave prema pravilima, prostorima i broju uklju\u010denih igra\u010da. PSS treba biti konstruiran kroz globalne zadatke, po mogu\u0107nosti u grupama, s otvorenom igrom s ciljem u\u010denja igre, a ne samo vje\u017ebe. Svaki igra\u010d treba aktivirati sustave koji mu najbolje omogu\u0107uju da odgovori na stvorenu situaciju prema svojim uvjetima i osobnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Spajanje dviju paradigmi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      U svojoj praksi poku\u0161avam razmotriti obje modalnosti. Prilikom kreiranja programa treninga uzimam u obzir trenutni profil ili stanje pojedinca i cilj dogovorene periodizacije te u skladu s tim dizajniram intervenciju. Kako bi se utjecalo na sve segmente modela Human Sportperson, nu\u017ean je kombinirani pristup koji uzima u obzir biomehani\u010dko optere\u0107enje, anatomske i fiziolo\u0161ke odgovore pojedinca i tima. Svaki sadr\u017eaj koji se koristi u treningu imat \u0107e neki biomehani\u010dki i anatomsko-fiziolo\u0161ki odgovor. Bez obzira mijenjamo li dimenzije terena, broj igra\u010da, pravila koja koristimo ili omjere rada i odmora, moramo razmi\u0161ljati o kratkoro\u010dnim i dugoro\u010dnim u\u010dincima, i pozitivnim i negativnim, koje \u0107e ovaj trening donijeti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n

      Kako bi se utjecalo na sve segmente modela Human Sportperson, potreban je kombinirani pristup koji uzima u obzir biomehani\u010dko optere\u0107enje, anatomske i fiziolo\u0161ke odgovore pojedinca i tima.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

      Osmi\u0161ljavanje dijela za razvoj kondicioniranja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Kao kondicijski trener, klju\u010dno je razumjeti segmente timske igre i individualnih odnosa kako bi se bolje kreirao dio razvoja kondicije ili zagrijavanje. Preferiram izraz "dio razvoja kondicije" jer prenosi vi\u0161e i ima ve\u0107i u\u010dinak od puke pripreme za trening. Ovaj dio sesije trebao bi biti osmi\u0161ljen tako da utje\u010de na sve aspekte modela ljudskog sporta\u0161a, osiguravaju\u0107i holisti\u010dki pristup razvoju igra\u010da. Ova dva spomenuta modela u kombinaciji s osnovnim znanjem o sportskoj znanosti mogu trenerima dati vi\u0161e ideja o tome kako pripremiti bolje akcije i vje\u017ebe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Primjer dijela za zagrijavanje \/ kondicijski razvoj (MD-4) za vezne igra\u010de<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Cilj sesije<\/strong>Razvoj kondicije s fokusom na takti\u010dku periodizaciju i model ljudskog sporta\u0161a. Zagrijavanje bi trebalo stimulirati biolo\u0161ki<\/strong> (energetski sustavi), kognitivni<\/strong> (proces percepcije i djelovanja) i uvjetne strukture<\/strong> dok zapo\u010dinjemo s mentalnom pripremom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zagrijavanje (razvoj kondicije) \u2013 20 minuta<\/h5>\n\n\n\n

      Faza 1: Mentalna aktivacija i pokretljivost (5 minuta)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Cilj<\/em>Pripremiti igra\u010de mentalno i fizi\u010dki fokusiraju\u0107i se na mobilnost i kognitivni anga\u017eman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      • Vje\u017eba 1<\/strong>Vje\u017ebe dinami\u010dke mobilnosti\n
          \n
        • Fokus<\/strong>Otvaranje bokova, ramena i gle\u017enjeva.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Trajanje<\/strong>: 1-2 minute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Primjer<\/em>Najbolje istezanje na svijetu, zamah tetivama, otvaranje kukova.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Vje\u017eba 2<\/strong>Kognitivno-perceptivna aktivacija\n
            \n
          • Fokus<\/strong>: Uklju\u010divanje mozga tako \u0161to igra\u010di reagiraju na vizualne ili slu\u0161ne znakove.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Trajanje<\/strong>3 minute.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Primjer<\/em>Igra\u010di vode ili dodaju loptu unutar male mre\u017ee, reagiraju\u0107i na trenerove signale (pljesak rukama ili obojene \u010dunjeve). Kada trener da znak, igra\u010d mora promijeniti smjer ili brzo ispustiti loptu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Korist<\/em>: Uklju\u010duje kognitivna struktura<\/strong> i koordinativna struktura<\/strong>, pripremaju\u0107i se za dono\u0161enje odluka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            Faza 2: Dinami\u010dko kretanje i ubrzanje (7 minuta)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Cilj<\/em>Izgraditi funkcionalnu snagu, ubrzanje i brzo dono\u0161enje odluka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • Vje\u017eba 3<\/strong>Cik-cak tr\u010danje (s kognitivnim optere\u0107enjem)\n
                \n
              • Postavljanje<\/strong>Igra\u010di sprintaju kroz cik-cak konusnu postavku (10 metara) i moraju slu\u0161ati verbalne znakove trenera (npr. \u201elijevo\u201c ili \u201edesno\u201c) kako bi reagirali usred tr\u010danja i promijenili smjer.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Trajanje<\/strong>3 minute (4 ponavljanja po igra\u010du).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Vje\u017eba 4<\/strong>Vje\u017eba kratkih dodavanja i sprinta\n
                  \n
                • Postavljanje<\/strong>Vezni igra\u010di dodaju loptu 1-2 puta s partnerom i odmah nakon primanja lopte sprintaju do obli\u017enjeg \u010dunja (5 metara udaljenosti). Moraju prepoznati i komunicirati do kojeg \u010dunja sprintaju.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Trajanje<\/strong>4 minute (rotirajte partnere svake 2 minute).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Faza 3: Takti\u010dko posjedovanje male grupe s funkcionalnim tr\u010danjem (8 minuta)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  Cilj<\/em>Kombinirajte takti\u010dki posjed s fizi\u010dkim optere\u0107enjem kroz funkcionalna tr\u010danja i brzu cirkulaciju lopte, grade\u0107i uvjetni<\/strong> i koordinativni<\/strong> kapaciteti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • Vje\u017eba 5<\/strong>5v2 Rondo s vremenski ograni\u010denim funkcionalnim tr\u010danjima\n
                      \n
                    • Postavljanje<\/strong>: 5v2 rondo u mre\u017ei 15\u00d715. Nakon svake 1 minute, igra\u010d koji uspje\u0161no napravi 4 dodavanja zaredom mora dovr\u0161iti funkcionalni sprint<\/strong> oko mre\u017ee i vra\u0107aju se u svoj polo\u017eaj (dodaju\u0107i fizi\u010dko optere\u0107enje).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Fokus<\/strong>Takti\u010dki rad (posjed) u kombinaciji s fizi\u010dkim naporom.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Trajanje<\/strong>8 minuta (3-4 ponavljanja sa sprintevima).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      Last month, I was having coffee with my coaching staff, and as usual, we were discussing football. You should see how deep these conversations can go. We talked about the methodology of constructing training sessions and touched on two training methodologies that are widely used today: tactical periodization by V\u00edtor Frade and structured training by […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":6095,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nTwo Paradigms in Training Session Design | Ultrax AI<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/hr\/uncategorized\/two-training-paradigms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hr_HR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Two Paradigms in Training Session Design | Ultrax AI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Last month, I was having coffee with my coaching staff, and as usual, we were discussing football. 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We talked about the methodology of constructing training sessions and touched on two training methodologies that are widely used today: tactical periodization by V\u00edtor Frade and structured training by […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/hr\/uncategorized\/two-training-paradigms\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ultrax AI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=100089183396893\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-10-06T23:22:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-10-07T06:42:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ultrax.ai\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/two-paradigms-1-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1346\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" 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You should see how deep these conversations can go. 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